Basement windows, transoms, or single-hung kitchen or bathroom windows are considered small. Generally, homes have a mixture of window sizes. Cost by Sizeĭouble-pane windows come in a variety of shapes and sizes. However, they require routine maintenance, such as scraping and painting, that adds to your overall expenses. Wooden windows are an attractive choice for durability and insulation. However, they’re not very durable, so you may need to replace them again sooner. Vinyl windows are budget-friendly and require minimal maintenance. Some have an added insulating core, but these windows are more expensive. Steel-framed windows are another durable, low-maintenance material but with little insulation. A fiberglass frame can even be manufactured to mimic wood. Widely considered one of the best materials, fiberglass-framed windows are well-insulated and require little maintenance. Some aluminum-framed windows have added insulation that increases efficiency. Col Res Appl, 29, 232–240, 2004 Published online in Wiley InterScience (DOI 10.1002/col.Aluminum double-pane windows are durable but generally not well-insulated. The results show that for each colour emotion the models of the three studies agreed with each other, suggesting that the four colour emotions are culture-independent across countries. These models were compared with those developed by Sato et al. Four colour-emotion models were developed, including warm–cool, heavy–light, active–passive, and hard–soft. The three factors agreed well with those found by Kobayashi and Sato et al. The factor analysis identified three colour-emotion factors: colour activity, colour weight, and colour heat. ![]() Experimental results show no significant difference between male and female data, whereas different results were found between British and Chinese observers for the tense–relaxed and like–dislike scales. In a psychophysical experiment, 31 observers, including 14 British and 17 Chinese subjects assessed 20 colours on 10 colour-emotion scales: warm–cool, heavy–light, modern–classical, clean–dirty, active–passive, hard–soft, tense–relaxed, fresh–stale, masculine–feminine, and like–dislike. This article classifies colour emotions for single colours and develops colour-science-based colour emotion models. With this model one can predict colour emotions for a colour pair if colour-appearance attributes of the component colours in that pair are known. By combining the additivity relationship with a single-colour emotion model, such as those developed in Part I, a colour-appearance-based model was established for colour-combination emotions. However, it cannot be applied to colour preference prediction. This relationship predicts colour emotions for a colour pair by averaging the colour emotions of individual colours that generate the pair. An additivity relationship was found between single-colour and colour-combination emotions. This indicates a coherent framework of colour emotion factors for single colours and two-colour combinations. ![]() Three colour-emotion factors were identified by the method of factor analysis and were labeled “colour activity,” “colour weight,” and “colour heat.” These factors were found similar to those extracted from the single colour emotions developed in Part I. Experimental results show that gender difference existed in masculine–feminine, whereas no significant cultural difference was found between British and Chinese observers. The color blue was poorly linked with anger and strongly with happiness like the color yellow across all the age groups.Įleven colour-emotion scales, warm–cool, heavy–light, modern–classical, clean–dirty, active–passive, hard–soft, harmonious–disharmonious, tense–relaxed, fresh–stale, masculine–feminine, and like–dislike, were investigated on 190 colour pairs with British and Chinese observers. Black, was associated majorly with happiness, red with fear, grey to sadness, White with fear. In the results, more than half of the subjects associated the primary colors with happiness, anger. It was predicted that the three primary colors would be associated with high energy emotions such as anger and happiness and the three neutral colors with low energy emotions such as sadness and fear in the sample. The undergraduate females from various background, courses and age were required to associate the colors to the specific emotions and state why. This study examined the association of 3 primary colors blue, red and yellow (Munsell color system) and 3 neutral colors: black, white and grey to 4 emotions: happiness, fear, anger and sadness, in females 18-21 years old.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |